首次报道中国北方Fonsecaea monophora所致着色芽生菌病1例及其相关实验研究

目的首次报道中国北方1例由Fonsecaea monophora所致着色芽生菌病。方法患者男性,58岁,主因"右腕部皮损伴瘙痒8~9a"就诊。对皮损脓液直接镜检,皮损组织病理检查,真菌培养,并对培养获得菌株进行形态学,分子生物学鉴定等实验室研究。结果脓液直接镜检可见多个圆形、厚壁、棕色硬壳细胞,皮损组织病理表现为慢性肉芽肿样改变,并可见硬壳小体。真菌培养可见暗棕色,橄榄色至黑色菌落生长,生长速度较慢,镜下可见枝孢型和喙枝孢型产孢。ITS区序列分析鉴定为Fonsecaea monophora。依据临床及实验室检查确诊该例为Fonsecaea monophora所致的着色芽生菌病。口服伊曲康唑200mg,1次/d;特比萘芬250mg,1次/d。治疗3个月后,皮损消退痊愈。结论 Fonsecaea monophora感染也可见于我国北方地区的着色芽生菌病患者,而ITS区序列分析是该菌种鉴定的重要手段,伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗本例患者显示较好疗效。     

Multiple induced mutagenesis for improvement of ethanol production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kluyveromyces marxianus</Emphasis>

Kluyveromyces marxianus GX-15 was mutated multiple times by alternately treatment with UV irradiation and NTG for two cycles. Four mutant strains with improved ethanol yield were obtained. The maximum ethanol concentration, ethanol yield coefficient and theoretical ethanol yield of the best mutant strain, GX-UN120, was 69 g/l, 0.46 g/g and 91%, respectively, when fermenting 150 g glucose/l at 40°C. The corresponding values for GX-15 were 58 g/l, 0.39 g/g and 76%, respectively. GX-UN120 grew well in 11% (v/v) of ethanol, while GX-15 could not grow when ethanol was greater than 8% (v/v).     

益肾和络合剂对慢性肾衰竭实验室指标的影响(英文)

目的:探讨壮骨颗粒对骨折部位新生血管增殖的影响。方法:42只新西兰大白兔,行兔左侧桡骨中段做3mm骨缺损,随机分为壮骨颗粒组,伤科接骨片组,生理盐水组,术后1天开始给药,在第4、6、8周进行X线观察,4w、8w行病理组织学检查。结果:X线片评分半定量分析表明,壮骨颗粒组骨折愈合速度明显快于伤科接骨片组,生理盐水组(P<0.05);I型胶原蛋白免疫组化结果显示壮骨颗粒组I型胶原阳性结果明显比伤科接骨片组、生理盐水组强(P<0.05);壮骨颗粒组血管生成明显多于伤科接骨片组、生理盐水组。结论:壮骨颗粒有明显促进骨痂形成和促进新生血管形成作用。     

Vasohibin-1基因在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达和临床病理意义

目的:探讨卵巢癌中Vasohibin-1的表达情况及临床病理学意义。方法:采用实时定量PCR和免疫组化方法检测在60例上皮性卵巢癌和12例正常卵巢组织中Vasohibin-1的表达情况,ELISA法检测卵巢癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达,分析vasohibin-1表达与VEGF之间的关系及其与卵巢癌分期,分级和预后之间的关系。结果:卵巢癌中vasohibin-1表达明显高于正常卵巢(P0.05)。Vasohibin-1表达水平与卵巢癌分期相关(P0.05),而与卵巢癌分级和淋巴转移无关。Vasohibin-1表达与VEGF蛋白水平呈正相关(P0.01)。高vasohibin-1表达卵巢癌患者三年生存率(50%)低于低vasohibin-1表达的患者(83%)。结论:vasohibin-1可以反映卵巢癌的血管生成潜能,是卵巢癌的不良预后因素。     

携带HSV-1TK基因的逆转录病毒载体构建及在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的:构建携带单纯疱疹病毒脱氧胸腺嘧啶激酶基因(herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase,HSV-TK)的逆转录病毒,用于宫颈癌的治疗研究。方法:用限制性内切酶从质粒pcDNA3.1/HA-myc-His(-)Z-TK切下HSV-1TK cDNA序列,亚克隆入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN得到重组质粒pLXSN-TK,鉴定正确的阳性重组质粒经PA317细胞包装,G418筛选,在NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定。然后用病毒感染人宫颈癌细胞HeLa。PCR、RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测HSV-1TK基因在HeLa中的整合和表达情况。结果:重组质粒pLXSN-TK经PA317细胞包装后收获病毒上清,感染HeLa细胞,检测发现HSV-1TK基因整合到细胞基因组DNA中,并且能有效的转录和翻译。结论:成功构建了逆转录病毒pLXSN-TK,该病毒能有效感染HeLa细胞,并使携带的治疗基因HSV-1TK在细胞中表达,为今后HSV-1TK基因治疗宫颈癌的研究奠定基础。     

Nest Site Selection by Western Gray Squirrels at Their Northern Range Terminus

ABSTRACT The western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in Washington, USA, is limited to 3 disjunct areas and is a state threatened species. Information is lacking for the North Cascades population, which is the northernmost population for the species. Squirrels in this population exist without oaks (Quercus spp.) that provide forage and cavities for maternal nests elsewhere in their range. During May 2003 to August 2005, we studied selection of nest sites and nest trees by 18 radiocollared squirrels in Okanogan County, Washington. Without oak cavities, females reared their young in dreys. General nest-tree characteristics were similar to characteristics of western gray squirrel nest trees in Southeastern Cascades: relatively tall ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) ≥ 40 cm diameter at breast height. Results from conditional logistic models determined that the odds of a squirrel selecting a tree for nesting increased with greater diameter at breast height and with infection by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.). Nest sites with high selection probability by squirrels had greater basal area and number of tree species than available unselected sites. Retention of forest patches that include a mix of conifer species or conifer and deciduous trees and moderate to high basal area could promote nesting opportunities, connectivity for arboreal travel, as well as abundance and diversity of hypogeous fungi. Experiments to test the efficacy of retaining untreated patches of varying size (including trees infected with mistletoe) on nesting by western gray squirrels within stands managed for fire suppression and forest health would provide important information about the effects of forest fuel management on arboreal wildlife.     

广东地区宽鳍(鱼巤)种群遗传变异和亲缘地理

通过分析88尾采自广东境内9条水系的宽鳍(鱼巤)(Zaccop,platypus)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因全序列,初步研究其种群遗传变异和地理格局,所测定的Cyt b基因全序列长1140 bp,其中变异位点98个,简约信息位点75个.共检测到33个单倍型,除鉴江种群只有1个单倍型外,其余8条水系均有多个单倍型.北江、流溪河、鉴江、北流河和罗定江等5个种群有共亭单倍型Hap11,罗定江和北流河之间共享了单倍型Hap4,东江与流溪河共享Hap6,而韩江和榕江共享单倍型Hap29.种群单倍型多样性的平均值(h)为0.908,核苷酸多样性的平均值(π)为0.01961,表现出较高的遗传多样性.系统发育分析(NJ树)显示,宽鳍(鱼巤)种群33个单倍型可分为2个分支,其中来自珠江水系(北江、东江、流溪河、罗定江和北流河)和广东西部独立人海水系(鉴江和漠阳江)的宽鳍(鱼巤)种群聚为一支(分支A),广东东部独立入海水系(韩江和榕江)种群聚为另外一支(分支B).2分支间的遗传距离和碱基差异率均较高(0.0517-0.0549,5.35%-_6.49%),明显大于分支A内(O.0012-0.0099,0.26%-2.11%)和分支B内的值(0.0027,1.58%),但远小于宽鳍(鱼巤)与外类群间的遗传距离和碱基差异率(0.0945-0.1912,8.77%-17.11%).这表明分支A与B之间已有明显的遗传分化,但分化程度来达到物种级水平,韩江和榕汀的种群相对独立,推测可能与莲花山脉的阻隔有关.根据单倍型网络图推测,流溪河可能是广东中西部地区宽鳍(鱼巤)的扩散中心,分别向珠江水系的西江、北江和东江扩散,再向鉴江和漠阳江扩散:另外由扩散中心经东江到榕汀再向韩江扩散.分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,种群间的遗传变异占38.50%,种群内的遗传变异占66.24%.中性检验和歧点分布分析皆表明广东境内9条水系的宽鳍(鱼巤)在整个种群上保持相对稳定,没有发生明显的种群扩张.     

野生与养殖许氏平鲉消化酶活力的比较

用生物化学方法测定了野生和养殖许氏平鲉胃、肠和肝胰脏的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力,并对2组个体的上述消化酶活力分别进行了比较。结果表明:在37℃和最适pH条件下,除肝胰脏淀粉酶和脂肪酶外,养殖许氏平鲉各部位3种消化酶的活力全部高于野生许氏平鲉;野生与养殖许氏平鲉胃、肠3种消化酶活力均差异显著(P0.05),肝胰脏3种消化酶活力差异均不显著(P0.05);野生与养殖许氏平鲉消化酶活力的这种差异可能与野生许氏平鲉在自然环境中无法获得稳定充足的饵料有关。     

陇东黄土高原塬区农业气象要素的变化特征

对1971—2000年陇东塬区气象资料分析表明,该区气温呈现出明显的线性上升趋势,且以冬季和春季增温为主。增温表现为平均气温、最高气温和最低气温同时上升。最高气温以季节转换时升幅最大,最低气温多数时间呈现上升趋势,且升温较最高气温显著。最高气温和最低气温均以12月上升最为显著。在气候变暖的趋势下,蒸发量显著增大,界限温度初日提前、终日推后,气温稳定通过0℃和10℃积温增加,无霜期延长,春秋土壤水分减少等。降水量、日照时数、太阳辐射和空气相对湿度等农业气象要素的整体变化不显著。认为气候变暖引起的多要素变化对农业的影响有利有弊,农业管理部门应根据当地气候变化特征,及时调整种植结构,优化种植模式,趋利避害,充分挖掘气候资源潜力,提高农业经济效益。     

武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类群落结构及多样性研究

2005年11月～2006年3月,对武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类群落进行了调查,共记录鸟类44种,隶属10目22科。有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类2种,湖北省重点保护鸟类16种;留鸟32种,冬候鸟11种,旅鸟1种,留鸟构成了冬季鸟类的主体;该地区冬季鸟类密度为4．30只／hm^2,物种多样性指数为2．6477,均匀性指数为0．6997。居民点、乔灌林、绿地和水域生境中,乔灌林鸟类多样性最高,数量最多。